72절기
닷새로 나눈 한 해
일본은 한 해를 약 보름씩 스물네 절기로 나누고, 각 절기를 다시 닷새씩 세 후(候)로 나눕니다. 모두 일흔두 개, 각각이 자연이 지금 하고 있는 일을 하나씩 이름 붙인 것입니다. 저희 카운터는 이를 따르기에, 같은 한 주가 두 번 오지 않습니다.
지금의 Kappou
蟋蟀在戸
きりぎりすとにあり
kirigirisu to ni ari
Crickets chirp around the door
寒露 · Kanro · Cold dew대략 Oct 18
다음 후 · 霜始降 · First frost · 대략 Oct 23
일흔두 후 전체
절기는 달력이 아니라 태양의 위치로 정해지므로 해마다 하루 정도 앞뒤로 움직입니다. 아래 날짜는 통상적인 것입니다.
立春
Risshun
Start of spring
- Feb 4東風解凍East wind melts the iceharukaze kōri o toku
- Feb 9黄鴬睍睆Bush warblers start singinguguisu naku
- Feb 14魚上氷Fish emerge from the iceuo kōri o izuru
雨水
Usui
Rainwater
- Feb 19土脉潤起Rain moistens the soiltsuchi no shō uruoi okoru
- Feb 23霞始靆Mist starts to lingerkasumi hajimete tanabiku
- Feb 28草木萌動Grass and trees begin to sproutsōmoku mebae izuru
啓蟄
Keichitsu
Insects awaken
- Mar 6蟄虫啓戸Hibernating insects open their doorssugomori no mushi to o hiraku
- Mar 10桃始笑First peach blossomsmomo hajimete saku
- Mar 15菜虫化蝶Caterpillars become butterfliesnamushi chō to naru
春分
Shunbun
Spring equinox
- Mar 20雀始巣Sparrows start to nestsuzume hajimete sukuu
- Mar 25桜始開First cherry blossomssakura hajimete hiraku
- Mar 30雷乃発声Distant thunderkaminari sunawachi koe o hassu
清明
Seimei
Pure and clear
- Apr 4玄鳥至Swallows returntsubame kitaru
- Apr 10鴻雁北Wild geese fly northkōgan kaeru
- Apr 15虹始見First rainbowsniji hajimete arawaru
穀雨
Kokuu
Grain rain
- Apr 19葭始生Reeds start to sproutashi hajimete shōzu
- Apr 25霜止出苗Last frost, rice seedlings growshimo yamite nae izuru
- Apr 30牡丹華Peonies bloombotan hana saku
立夏
Rikka
Start of summer
- May 5蛙始鳴Frogs start singingkawazu hajimete naku
- May 10蚯蚓出Worms surfacemimizu izuru
- May 15竹笋生Bamboo shoots sprouttakenoko shōzu
小満
Shōman
Lesser ripening
- May 20蚕起食桑Silkworms start feasting on mulberry leaveskaiko okite kuwa o hamu
- May 26紅花栄Safflowers bloom in abundancebenibana sakau
- May 31麦秋至Wheat ripens and is harvestedmugi no toki itaru
芒種
Bōshu
Grain beards and seeds
- Jun 5蟷螂生Praying mantises hatchkamakiri shōzu
- Jun 10腐草為螢Rotten grass becomes fireflieskusaretaru kusa hotaru to naru
- Jun 15梅子黄Plums turn yellowume no mi kibamu
夏至
Geshi
Summer solstice
- Jun 21乃東枯Self-heal withersnatsukarekusa karuru
- Jun 26菖蒲華Irises bloomayame hana saku
- Jul 1半夏生Crow-dipper sproutshange shōzu
小暑
Shōsho
Lesser heat
- Jul 7温風至Warm winds blowatsukaze itaru
- Jul 12蓮始開First lotus blossomshasu hajimete hiraku
- Jul 17鷹乃学習Hawks learn to flytaka sunawachi gakushū su
大暑
Taisho
Greater heat
- Jul 23桐始結花Paulownia trees produce seedskiri hajimete hana o musubu
- Jul 28土潤溽暑Earth is damp, air is humidtsuchi uruōte mushi atsushi
- Aug 2大雨時行Great rains sometimes falltaiu tokidoki furu
立秋
Risshū
Start of autumn
- Aug 8涼風至Cool winds blowsuzukaze itaru
- Aug 12寒蝉鳴Evening cicadas singhigurashi naku
- Aug 17蒙霧升降Thick fog descendsfukaki kiri matou
処暑
Shosho
Manageable heat
- Aug 23綿柎開Cotton flowers bloomwata no hanashibe hiraku
- Aug 28天地始粛Heat starts to die downtenchi hajimete samushi
- Sep 2禾乃登Rice ripenskokumono sunawachi minoru
白露
Hakuro
White dew
- Sep 8草露白Dew glistens white on grasskusa no tsuyu shiroshi
- Sep 12鶺鴒鳴Wagtails singsekirei naku
- Sep 17玄鳥去Swallows leavetsubame saru
秋分
Shūbun
Autumn equinox
- Sep 23雷乃収声Thunder ceaseskaminari sunawachi koe o osamu
- Sep 28蟄虫坏戸Insects close up their burrowsmushi kakurete to o fusagu
- Oct 3水始涸Farmers drain the fieldsmizu hajimete karuru
寒露
Kanro
Cold dew
- Oct 8鴻雁来Wild geese returnkōgan kitaru
- Oct 13菊花開Chrysanthemums bloomkiku no hana hiraku
- Oct 18蟋蟀在戸nowCrickets chirp around the doorkirigirisu to ni ari
霜降
Sōkō
Frost falls
- Oct 23霜始降First frostshimo hajimete furu
- Oct 28霎時施Light rains sometimes fallkosame tokidoki furu
- Nov 2楓蔦黄Maple leaves and ivy turn yellowmomiji tsuta kibamu
立冬
Rittō
Start of winter
- Nov 7山茶始開Camellias start to bloomtsubaki hajimete hiraku
- Nov 12地始凍Land starts to freezechi hajimete kōru
- Nov 17金盞香Daffodils bloomkinsenka saku
小雪
Shōsetsu
Lesser snow
- Nov 22虹蔵不見Rainbows hideniji kakurete miezu
- Nov 27朔風払葉North wind blows the leaves from the treeskitakaze konoha o harau
- Dec 2橘始黄Tachibana citrus leaves start to turn yellowtachibana hajimete kibamu
大雪
Taisetsu
Greater snow
- Dec 7閉塞成冬Cold sets in, winter beginssora samuku fuyu to naru
- Dec 12熊蟄穴Bears start hibernating in their denskuma ana ni komoru
- Dec 17鱖魚群Salmon gather and swim upstreamsake no uo muragaru
冬至
Tōji
Winter solstice
- Dec 22乃東生Self-heal sproutsnatsukarekusa shōzu
- Dec 27麋角解Deer shed their antlerssawashika no tsuno otsu
- Jan 1雪下出麦Wheat sprouts under the snowyuki watarite mugi nobiru
小寒
Shōkan
Lesser cold
- Jan 5芹乃栄Parsley flourishesseri sunawachi sakau
- Jan 10水泉動Springs thawshimizu atataka o fukumu
- Jan 15雉始雊Pheasants start to callkiji hajimete naku
大寒
Daikan
Greater cold
- Jan 20款冬華Butterburs budfuki no hana saku
- Jan 25水沢腹堅Ice thickens on streamssawamizu kōri tsumeru
- Jan 30鶏始乳Hens start laying eggsniwatori hajimete toya ni tsuku
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